feat(hub): translate the web client into nine more languages

French, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese,
German, Italian, Dutch and Polish, all in the formal register. `hub`,
`node` and `GEK` stay in English: they name the CLI, node.toml and the
docs, and translating them would cut the interface off from everything an
operator reads and types.

Catalogues move out of i18n.js into locales/, one file per language,
fetched with a dynamic import. A visitor downloads their language plus
English as a fallback — about 36 KB rather than the ~180 KB that ten
inlined catalogues would have cost everyone. i18n.js keeps only the
loader, so the first render now waits for initLocale().

Three things the old code got wrong, none of them visible until there was
a second language:

- Resolution trimmed a tag to its base before matching, so a browser
  reporting pt-BR looked for a `pt` catalogue that does not exist and fell
  back to English. Matching is now exact first, then by base language.
- Counted strings were single strings, so Polish could not express
  1 plik / 2 pliki / 5 plików at all. t() selects through
  Intl.PluralRules; en.js gains the same treatment, which incidentally
  fixes "1 files".
- Interpolation used String.replace, which reads `$&` in the replacement.
  A file named rap$&sody.mp3 rendered corrupted in its own delete dialog.

Five strings were still hardcoded in app.js — the group name placeholder
and the four visibility/join-policy descriptions — and are now keyed.

test_locales.py holds the nine translations to the shape of en.js: same
keys, a counted string stays counted everywhere, every plural entry covers
each category Intl actually produces for that language, and the
{placeholders} survive translation. Verified failing first, against a
catalogue with a key removed, a placeholder dropped and the Polish `few`
form deleted.

The language menu also grew from one entry to ten, which overran a short
viewport inside a dropdown that clipped instead of scrolling.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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